", "Why Turkey's coup failed, according to an expert", "Not all dictators are equal: Coups, fraudulent elections, and the selective targeting of democratic sanctions", "Twenty Years Later: The Tajik Civil War And Its Aftermath". John J. Chin, David B. Carter & Joseph G. Wright. Korean: 쿠데타. [40], A 2018 study found that "oil price shocks are seen to promote coups in onshore-intensive oil countries, while preventing them in offshore-intensive oil countries. Learn more in the Cambridge French-English Dictionary. The insurgents were soon defeated. The pronunciamiento is the formal explanation for deposing the regnant government, justifying the installation of the new government that was effected with the golpe de estado. [76], "Coup" and "Counter-coup" redirect here. [44], A 2020 study found that elections had a two-sided impact on coup attempts, depending on the state of the economy. Coup d'état definition is - a sudden decisive exercise of force in politics; especially : the violent overthrow or alteration of an existing government by a small group. Germans still use the term Röhm-Putsch to describe the murders, the term given to it by the Nazi regime, despite its unproven implication that the murders were necessary to prevent a coup. The coup d'état was meticulously planned from 20 August 1851. [69], According to a 2019 study, coup attempts lead to a reduction in physical integrity rights. By the end of the rebellion, 26,000 people were arrested, 9,530 were sent to Algeria and 250 to the prison of Cayenne. French On n'a pas fait la distinction entre un coup d ' état et ce qui s'est passé en Libye more_vert coup translate: blow, shot, sound, blow, punch, stroke, fit, something bad, time. This event took place on November 9, 1799, and put Napoleon Bonaparte into power as the First Consul of France. Asia and the Middle East have experienced 13.1% and 15.8% of total global coups, respectively. Learn more in the Cambridge French-English Dictionary. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Although the concept of a coup d'état has featured in politics since antiquity, the phrase is of relatively recent coinage;[7] the Oxford English Dictionary identifies it as a French expression meaning a "stroke of state". Convinced that the coup was now inevitable after the latest refusal, Louis-Napoleon fixed the anniversary of the coronation of Napoleon in 1804, and the victory of Austerlitz in 1805, as the day for the coup. Japanese: クーデター. ... Noun: 1. coup d'etat - a sudden and decisive change of government illegally or by force. It ended in the successful dissolution of the French National Assembly and the subsequent... Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images The coup triggered revolts in other places across France. [59] A 2019 study in Conflict Management and Peace Science found that personalist dictatorships are more likely to take coup-proofing measures than other authoritarian regimes; the authors argue that this is because "personalists are characterized by weak institutions and narrow support bases, a lack of unifying ideologies and informal links to the ruler. It dramatically expanded the powers of the president, who was elected for a period of 10 years with no term limits. [63] Part of the rationale for Civilian-based defense is to deter coups and to defeat them if they occur. If it starts the mass killing of elements of the army, including officers who were not involved in the coup, this may trigger a "counter-coup" by soldiers who are afraid they will be next. The authors of the study provide the following logic for why this is: "Autocratic incumbents invested in spatial rivalries need to strengthen the military in order to compete with a foreign adversary. On 20 and 21 December, the French population were recorded as having voted for acceptance of the new regime by an overwhelming majority of 7,145,000 to 600,000, although the official tally and free nature of the vote were questioned by dissidents like Victor Hugo. Military Academies and Coup Risk", "War Makes the Regime: Regional Rebellions and Political Militarization Worldwide", "Military purges and the recurrence of civil conflict", "Soldiers or politicians? Napoleon’s Own Account of His Coup d’Etat (10 November 1799) Description Napoleon glosses over the conspiracy to overthrow the Constitution of 1795 and the duly elected legislature. [26], The cumulative number of coups is a strong predictor of future coups. The French coup d'état of 2 December 1851 was a self-coup staged by Charles Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (at the time, President of the French Second Republic). [25][27][28] Hybrid regimes are more vulnerable to coups than are very authoritarian states or democratic states. [1] A coup attempt may refer to a coup in the works or an unsuccessful coup. The phrase coup d'état comes from French coup d'État, literally meaning a "state stroke", a "blow against the state". group action - action taken by a group of people. [1] Coups occurring in the post-Cold War period have been more likely to result in democratic systems than pre-Cold War coups,[19][20][21] though coups still mostly perpetuate authoritarianism. Not one to admit defeat, Louis-Napoleon spent the first half of 1851 trying to force changes to the constitution through Parliament so he could be re-elected. a sudden and decisive action in politics, especially one resulting in a change of government illegally or by force. [22] Research suggests that protests spur coups, as they help elites within the state apparatus to coordinate coups. [14], One author makes a distinction between a coup and a pronunciamiento. On the morning of 2 December, troops led by Saint-Arnaud occupied strategic points in Paris, from the Champs-Élysées to the Tuileries. [70], The international community tends to react adversely to coups by reducing aid and imposing sanctions. A Parisian insurrection led by the likes of Victor Hugo and Victor Schoelcher erupted despite tight control by the Army. [60] A 2014 study found that 40% of post-Cold War coups were successful. His political measures, and the extension of his mandate for 10 years, were popularly endorsed by constitutional referendum. A 2015 study finds that "coups against democracies, coups after the Cold War, and coups in states heavily integrated into the international community are all more likely to elicit global reaction. [49] Research shows that some coup-proofing strategies reduce the risk of coups occurring. A coup d’état is not simply a revolution instigated by an unhappy populace, it is a calculated power-grab by a political faction. "[1] Most coup attempts occurred in the mid-1960s, but there were also large numbers of coup attempts in the mid-1970s and the early-1990s. Louis-Napoleon declared that a new constitution was being framed and said he intended to restore the "system established by the First Consul". Notable counter-coups include the Ottoman countercoup of 1909, the 1960 Laotian counter-coup, the Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66, the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup, the 1967 Greek counter-coup, 1971 Sudanese counter-coup, and the Coup d'état of December Twelfth in South Korea. [56] Succession rules are believed to hamper coordination efforts among coup plotters by assuaging elites who have more to gain by patience than by plotting. Putsch was used as disinformation by Hitler and other Nazi party members to falsely claim that he had to suppress a reactionary coup during the Night of the Long Knives. The French coup d'état of 5 December 1851 was a self-coup staged by Prince Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte . ", "Integrating the Civil–Military Relations Subfield", "Reanalysis: Are coups good for democracy? [46][47][48], In what is referred to as "coup-proofing," regimes create structures that make it hard for any small group to seize power. Juste quelque chose que les français appellent un coup d'état. Et tu t'inquiètes pour ton coup d'état. [72] A 2016 study shows that the international donor community in the post-Cold War period penalizes coups by reducing foreign aid. "[1] They arrive at this definition by combining common definitions in the existing literature, and removing specificities and ambiguities that exist in many definitions.[1]. Thus, German authors often use quotation marks or write about the sogenannter Röhm-Putsch ('so-called Röhm Putsch') for emphasis. [58], A 2018 study in the Journal of Peace Research found that leaders who survive coup attempts and respond by purging known and potential rivals are likely to have longer tenures as leaders. On 3 January 1850, he dismissed Changarnier, a dissident in the Parti de l'Ordre, thereby provoking an open conflict within the party. Nabiyev was forced to resign by government militia on 7 September 1992, with Emomali Rahmon assumed interim power in November. [18] Coups that occur during civil wars shorten the war's duration. Dictionary source: English Spanish Dictionary (Granada University, Spain), 7.7 More: English to Spanish translation of coup d'etat The coup d'etat, also known as coup, is typically an illegal, unconstitutional seizure of power conducted by a dictator, a guerrilla military force, or an opposing political faction. Subsequently, he was in constant conflict with the members (députés) of the National Assembly. [20] New dictatorships launched by coups engage in higher levels of repression in the year that follows the coup than existed in the year leading to the coup. Translate your text for … Through the threat of sanctions, the organizations actively try to curb coups. He wrote: According to Naunihal Singh, author of Seizing Power: The Strategic Logic of Military Coups (2014), it is "fairly rare" for the prevailing existing government to violently purge the army after a coup has been foiled. [29] A 2015 study finds that terrorism is strongly associated with re-shuffling coups. L'opposition a manigancé un coup d'État pour faire perdre son siège au président. "[37] However, two 2016 studies found that leaders who were involved in militarized confrontations and conflicts were less likely to face a coup. A response to Miller (2016)", "Democratic versus Authoritarian Coups: The Influence of External Actors on States' Postcoup Political Trajectories", "Is the overthrow of a democratically elected government ever justified? The French coup d'état of 2 December 1851 was a self-coup staged by Prince Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (at the time President of the French Second Republic). [40] The study argued that militaries were dissuaded from staging coups because they feared that the UN would no longer enlist the military in peacekeeping missions. [43], A 2019 study found that regional rebellions made coups by the military more likely. Usage notes: The French expression un coup d’État refers to a sudden and generally violent attempt by a small group of people to illegally take over a government. [18] Numbers of successful coups have decreased over time. The general became dictator through a coup d'etat. A year later, the Prince-President reclaimed his uncle's throne as Emperor of the French under the regnal name Napoleon III. [19] A 2016 study found that democracies were installed in 12% of Cold War coups and 40% of the post-Cold War coups. A Coup d'Etat is coming in France in 2020 !! In a coup, it is the military, paramilitary, or opposing political faction that deposes the current government and assumes power; whereas, in the pronunciamiento, the military deposes the existing government and installs an ostensibly civilian government. [57] A 2017 study finds that countries' coup-proofing strategies are heavily influenced by other countries with similar histories. Il y a de puissantes personnes qui organisent un coup d'état. [23], A 2016 study categorizes coups into four possible outcomes:[20], The study also found that about half of all coups—both during and after the Cold War—install new autocratic regimes. [33] A fourth 2016 study finds that inequality between social classes increases the likelihood of coups. [15], Since the twentieth century, an increasing proliferation of terms has arisen to describe various kinds of actual or attempted unilateral seizures of power. [20] One-third of coups during the Cold War and 10% of post-Cold War coups reshuffled the regime leadership. To Cope in French + Waking up in France to an attempted coup d'état back home Thursday, January 07, 2021 As upsetting as it is to wake up to news of an insurrection, most concerning is the effect it could have on our personal relationships. The opposition faction staged a coup, unseating the elected president. [60] The authors argue that coup attempts can have this consequence because leaders of successful coups have incentives to democratize quickly in order to establish political legitimacy and economic growth, while leaders who stay in power after failed coup attempts see it as a sign that they must enact meaningful reforms to remain in power. Louis-Napoleon was automatically reelected to a fresh term as president. [56], According to political scientists Curtis Bell and Jonathan Powell, coup attempts in neighbouring countries lead to greater coup-proofing and coup-related repression in a region. According to a 2020 study, "external reactions to coups play important roles in whether coup leaders move toward authoritarianism or democratic governance. Hadi was forced to resign by Houthi rebels on 22 January 2015, but later renounced his resignation. A French phrase meaning blow of state, used to mean a sudden overthrow of a government. [72] A third 2015 study finds that Western states react strongest against coups of possible democratic and human rights abuses. In looser usage, as in "intelligence coup" or "boardroom coup", the term simply refers to gaining a sudden advantage on a rival. Specific military garrisons are the sparking factor for a larger military revolt against the government. The term “coup” is short for the phrase coup d’état (koo day taah) which comes into English from the French for “blow to the state.” In its meaning of a sudden change or overthrow of government it is a nineteenth-century borrowing into English, I think mainly from the 1850s. When he faced the prospect of having to leave office in 1852, Louis-Napoléon (nephew of Napoléon Bonaparte) staged the coup in order to stay in office and implement his reform programs; these included the restoration of universal male suffrage (previously abolished by the legislature). Après le coup d'Etat militaire du 16 mai 1960, le régime [...] militaire sud-coréen a adopté une politique de développement d'armes nucléaires, estimant que ses moyens de sécurité n'était autre qu'avoir accès aux armes nucléaires et de les développer à tout prix. Schiel, R., Powell, J., & Faulkner, C. (2020). 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